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Glaucoma in Hansen's disease.

R C Walton1, S F Ball, V C Joffrion

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 1, 1991
PubMed
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Glaucoma is an uncommon complication of Hansen's disease (leprosy). This study found 10% of leprosy patients had glaucoma, often linked to uveitis, highlighting the need for regular eye exams.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a rare complication of Hansen's disease (leprosy).
  • Understanding glaucoma prevalence in leprosy patients is crucial for early detection and management.
  • Chronic inflammation associated with Hansen's disease may contribute to secondary glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of glaucoma in a large institutionalized leprosy population.
  • To investigate the association between Hansen's disease, its treatments, and the development of glaucoma.
  • To identify risk factors and recommend screening protocols for glaucoma in leprosy patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed on 193 resident patients at the Gillis W Long Hansen's Disease Center.

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  • Patient records were reviewed, including treatment history (dapsone, clofazimine).
  • Glaucoma was diagnosed based on intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥ 22 mm Hg and characteristic optic nerve pathology.

    • Main Results:

    • A total of 19 patients (10%) were diagnosed with glaucoma.
    • Glaucoma secondary to uveitis was observed in 11 of the affected patients.
    • The findings suggest a link between chronic inflammation in Hansen's disease and secondary glaucoma.

    Conclusions:

    • Hansen's disease, even when treated, may lead to secondary glaucoma due to chronic inflammation.
    • Regular ophthalmic examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy and IOP measurement, are recommended for all Hansen's disease patients.
    • Early detection of iridocyclitis and glaucoma is essential for preserving vision in this population.