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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate01:25

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney health, reflecting how well the kidneys filter blood. Changes in GFR can signal potential kidney impairment, necessitating accurate measurement methods to monitor kidney function effectively.Various molecules can serve as markers for GFR measurement, with the ideal marker meeting several specific criteria. It must freely filter at the glomerulus, avoid reabsorption or secretion by the renal tubules, remain unmetabolized, not...
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In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...
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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Detection of Total Reactive Oxygen Species in Adherent Cells by 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate Staining
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Published on: June 23, 2020

Antioxidant level in normal and dialyzed patients using FRAP method.

Ghulam Mustafa1, Ikram Ullah Khan, M Khalid Khan

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|April 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study found lower serum antioxidant levels, including vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione, in dialysis patients with renal disease. Assessing these oxidative stress markers is crucial during dialysis for better patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nephrology
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Renal diseases are associated with increased oxidative stress.
  • Dialysis patients often exhibit altered biochemical profiles.
  • Free radicals are implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure serum antioxidant levels (vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione) in dialysis patients.
  • To evaluate antioxidant capacity using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay.
  • To investigate the role of free radicals in renal disease development.

Main Methods:

  • Study included fifty dialysis patients with elevated creatinine and urea levels.
  • Serum samples were analyzed for vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione concentrations.
  • Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the FRAP method.

Main Results:

  • A significant difference in serum antioxidant levels (vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione) was observed in the studied patients.
  • The study indicates altered antioxidant status in patients undergoing dialysis for renal disease.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced serum antioxidant levels are evident in renal disease patients undergoing dialysis.
  • Assessing antioxidant capacities (vitamin C, E, glutathione) is important for managing oxidative stress in dialysis patients.
  • These findings highlight the potential role of oxidative stress in renal disease progression.