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Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

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Published on: July 12, 2012

Epigenetics, brain, behavior, and the environment.

David Crews1

  • 1Ashbel Smith Professor of Zoology and Psychology, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA. crews@mail.utexas.edu

Hormones (Athens, Greece)
|April 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life experiences and environmental exposures can alter gene expression without changing DNA sequence, influencing physiology and behavior. These epigenetic changes can affect individuals directly or be passed down through generations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Early life experiences significantly shape an individual's physiology and behavior.
  • Epigenetic modifications, which alter gene expression without changing DNA sequence, play a crucial role in mediating these effects.
  • These epigenetic effects can be transient or heritable, impacting future generations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how early life experiences and environmental exposures induce epigenetic modifications.
  • To demonstrate that these epigenetic changes influence behavior, neural substrates, and gene expression patterns.
  • To provide examples of both direct and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the effects of sibling interactions on adult behavior and neural substrates in rats and knockout mice.
  • Investigated the impact of early fungicide (vinclozolin) exposure during pregnancy on male rat lineage.
  • Analyzed behavioral profiles, gene expression patterns, and epigenetic alterations in relevant brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Sibling interactions organized behaviors and neural substrates, leading to distinct adult phenotypes in rats and mice.
  • Early vinclozolin exposure resulted in epigenetic imprinting of the male lineage, altering behavior and gene expression in rats.
  • Environmental factors modify social and affiliative behaviors, associated metabolic activity, and gene abundance in specific brain nuclei.

Conclusions:

  • Early life experiences and environmental exposures induce lasting epigenetic modifications.
  • These modifications influence behavior, neural development, and gene expression, with potential for transgenerational inheritance.
  • The epigenome is a key mediator of environmental influences on behavior and physiology across generations.