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Fluorine contamination in groundwater: a major challenge
Mithas Ahmad Dar1, K Sankar, Imran A Dar
1Department of Industries and Earth Sciences, The Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. mmiitthhaass@yahoo.com
High fluoride levels in groundwater are a major concern in India. This study reveals that 86% of water samples in Tamil Nadu
Area of Science:
- Hydrogeochemistry
- Environmental Science
- Geology
Background:
- High fluoride concentrations in groundwater are prevalent across India.
- Understanding fluoride behavior requires considering hydrogeology, climate, and agricultural practices.
- Systematic studies are needed to assess fluoride in natural water systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- Assess the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in the Palar river basin, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu.
- Determine fluoride abundance in groundwater.
- Identify chemical parameters influencing fluoride dissolution.
Main Methods:
- Collected 50 dug cum borewell-water samples from an area of 2,628.92 km2.
- Conducted chemical analyses of water samples in September 2009.
- Investigated geological formations (sedimentary and crystalline).
Main Results:
- Fluoride concentration ranged from 1 to 3.24 mg/l.
- 86% of samples exceeded the permissible fluoride limit of 1.5 mg/l.
- High fluoride levels are linked to fluoride-bearing minerals, chemical weathering, and high alkalinity.
Conclusions:
- Fluoride dissolution is influenced by host rock mineralogy and water-rock interactions.
- Chemical weathering and high alkalinity promote elevated fluoride concentrations.
- Consumption of high-fluoride water poses significant health risks, including dental and skeletal fluorosis.
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