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Related Concept Videos

Rolling With Slipping01:14

Rolling With Slipping

Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
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One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Rolling Without Slipping01:09

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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is essential...
Speed of Sound in Solids and Liquids00:51

Speed of Sound in Solids and Liquids

Most solids and liquids are incompressible—their densities remain constant throughout. In the presence of an external force, the molecules tend to restore to their original positions, which is only possible because the constituents interact. The interactions help the constituents pass on information about external disturbances, like sound waves. Therefore, sound waves travel faster through these media. Compared to solids, the constituents in a liquid are less tightly bound. Thus, sound waves...
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Sliding through a superlight granular medium.

F Pacheco-Vázquez1, J C Ruiz-Suárez

  • 1Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied how dense intruders move through granular materials. Penetration depth increases with intruder density but plateaus with bed height, revealing key dynamics in granular physics.

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Area of Science:

  • Granular physics
  • Material science
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding intruder dynamics in granular media is crucial for various applications.
  • Previous studies often involve vertical impacts, complicating force analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate horizontal intruder penetration in granular media.
  • To decouple gravity and drag effects by using horizontal impact.
  • To analyze the influence of intruder density and granular bed height on penetration.

Main Methods:

  • Conducting horizontal impact experiments with an intruder.
  • Utilizing expanded polystyrene spherical particles as the granular medium.
  • Varying intruder density (up to 350 times the medium density) and granular bed height.

Main Results:

  • Final penetration depth (D) scales with the density ratio of intruder to medium (rho(i)/rho(m)).
  • Drag force (Fd) and penetration depth (D) show saturation with increasing granular bed height.
  • Horizontal impact decouples gravitational effects from drag forces.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the distinct penetration dynamics under horizontal impact conditions.
  • Results indicate that intruder density is a primary driver of penetration, while bed height has a limiting effect.
  • Findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of granular material behavior under dense intruder impact.