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Related Concept Videos

Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

Laminar Flow: Problem Solving

Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower indicates...
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Graphics processing unit implementation of lattice Boltzmann models for flowing soft systems.

Massimo Bernaschi1, Ludovico Rossi, Roberto Benzi

  • 1Istituto Applicazioni Calcolo, CNR, Viale Manzoni 30, Rome, Italy.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new graphic processing unit (GPU) implementation significantly speeds up simulations for soft-glassy materials. This allows for extensive long-time relaxation studies of flowing glassy materials.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Computational physics
  • Materials science
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • Soft-glassy materials exhibit complex flow behaviors.
  • Simulating these materials requires computationally intensive methods.
  • Lattice Boltzmann (LB) methods are suitable for fluid dynamics but can be slow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a faster computational method for simulating soft-glassy materials.
  • To enable the investigation of long-time relaxation properties.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a multicomponent lattice Boltzmann equation with multirange interactions on a GPU.
  • Performance benchmarking using "glassy" lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations for flows under shear.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a GPU/CPU speedup exceeding 10x for 1024x1024 grids.
  • Enabled multimillion time-step simulations within tens of GPU hours.
  • Demonstrated feasibility for large-scale, long-time simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The GPU-accelerated "glassy" LB method significantly enhances simulation efficiency.
  • This advancement expands the scope of LB simulations for soft-flowing glassy materials.
  • Facilitates the study of crucial long-time relaxation dynamics.