Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Forces01:09

Types of Forces

15.0K
In most situations, forces can be grouped into two categories: contact forces and field forces.  Contact forces occur as a result of direct physical contact between objects. Field forces, however, act without the necessity of physical contact between objects. They depend on the presence of a "field" in the region of space surrounding the body under consideration. You can think of a field as a property of space that is detectable by the forces it exerts. Scientists think there...
15.0K
Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

26.1K
One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
26.1K
Simplification of a Force and Couple System: II01:23

Simplification of a Force and Couple System: II

643
In a three-dimensional system, multiple forces can act on an object. These forces can be combined into a single equivalent force, known as the resultant force. Similarly, the moments generated by these forces can be combined into a single equivalent moment, the resultant couple moment. In certain situations, these two entities may not be mutually perpendicular, meaning they do not have a 90-degree angle between them. This unique condition requires a deeper understanding of the interplay between...
643
Three Force Member01:27

Three Force Member

1.6K
A rigid body subjected to three forces acting at three points is known as a three-force member. These forces must have concurrent lines of action, except for parallel forces, where the lines of action are parallel.
For example, consider a dumpster connected to a pin support at point A and a pin attached to a hydraulic cylinder at point B.
1.6K
Two-Dimensional Force System01:20

Two-Dimensional Force System

1.7K
A two-dimensional system in mechanical engineering involves the analysis of motion and forces in a plane. A two-dimensional force vector can be resolved into its components as:
1.7K
System of Forces and Couples01:16

System of Forces and Couples

756
In the analysis of structural systems, it is common to encounter members subjected to various forces and couple moments. Simplifying these systems can make the analysis more manageable and easier to understand. One approach to achieve this simplification is by moving a force to a point O that does not lie on its line of action and adding a couple with a moment equal to the moment of the force about point O.
The principle of transmissibility plays a crucial role in this process. According to...
756

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association of metabolic syndrome with ruptured status of intracranial aneurysms in a definitively treated cohort: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Renal dysfunction and metabolic alterations in patients with intracranial aneurysm rupture: an exploratory multivariable and principal component analysis.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Targeting RANKL-independent osteoclastogenesis overcomes denosumab resistance in models of ER+ breast cancer bone metastasis.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

RETRACTED: The impact of breast-conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy on postoperative wound complications in patients with early breast cancer.

International wound journal·2026
Same author

First-in-human nuclease-free homologous recombination-dependent gene editing in pediatric patients with methylmalonic acidemia: results of a phase 1/2 study.

Gene therapy·2026
Same author

Improving Asthma Management Through a Quality Improvement Program: the CARE4ALL Study.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2026
Same journal

Tension on dsDNA bound to ssDNA-RecA filaments may play an important role in driving efficient and accurate homology recognition and strand exchange.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Amplitude-phase coupling drives chimera states in globally coupled laser networks [Phys. Rev. E 91, 040901(R) (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Shapes of sedimenting soft elastic capsules in a viscous fluid [Phys. Rev. E 92, 033003 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Attenuation of excitation decay rate due to collective effect [Phys. Rev. E 90, 022142 (2014)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Role of connectivity and fluctuations in the nucleation of calcium waves in cardiac cells [Phys. Rev. E 92, 052715 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
Same journal

Publisher's Note: Lattice Boltzmann approach for complex nonequilibrium flows [Phys. Rev. E 92, 043308 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step
07:19

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

Published on: June 16, 2021

3.2K

Force cycles and force chains.

Antoinette Tordesillas1, David M Walker, Qun Lin

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia. atordesi@ms.unimelb.edu.au

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce force cycles, N cycles with above-average force contacts, to study granular material failure. These cycles stabilize force chains but ultimately fail under stress, indicating imminent shear banding.

More Related Videos

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

10.8K
Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

18.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step
07:19

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

Published on: June 16, 2021

3.2K
Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
08:24

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

10.8K
Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

18.0K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors under stress.
  • Force chains are critical structures influencing material failure.
  • The role of cyclic contact networks in force chain evolution is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coevolution of N cycles and force chains.
  • To elucidate the rheological function of force cycles in granular material failure.
  • To characterize the role of the contact network in force chain evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Discrete element simulation of dense granular material.
  • Quasistatic biaxial loading.
  • Analysis of force cycles and force chains.

Main Results:

  • Three-force cycles act as stabilizing structures, inhibiting rotation and supporting force chains.
  • The population of three-force cycles decreases during strain hardening, then increases before peak stress.
  • This increase signals imminent failure via shear banding, despite initial reinforcement.

Conclusions:

  • Three-force cycles are crucial for understanding granular material failure.
  • Their behavior indicates a transition from stabilization to failure.
  • Sudden increases in three-force cycles serve as a precursor to shear banding.