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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Laser-induced cavitation bubbles are typically spherical.
  • Controlling bubble shape is crucial for applications in microfluidics, drug delivery, and material processing.
  • Previous methods lacked the ability to generate complex, nonspherical bubble geometries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the generation of arbitrarily shaped nonspherical laser-induced cavitation bubbles.
  • To investigate the dynamics of these complex bubble shapes.
  • To compare experimental observations with numerical simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a spatial light modulator to shape laser intensity patterns.
  • Forming bubbles via linear absorption in a 40-micrometer liquid gap.
  • Recording bubble dynamics with a high-speed camera (up to 300,000 fps).
  • Comparing experimental results with axisymmetric boundary element simulations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated elliptic, toroidal, square, and V-shaped bubbles.
  • Observed unique dynamic behaviors including axis inversion in elliptical bubbles, shape rotation in square bubbles, and unidirectional jets in V-shaped bubbles.
  • Demonstrated direct formation via laser focus and indirect formation using secondary bubbles.

Conclusions:

  • The optical technique enables the generation of complex nonspherical bubble geometries.
  • Experimental and simulation results show good qualitative agreement.
  • This method offers precise control over bubble shape and dynamics for advanced applications.