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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents the number of degrees of freedom of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas in terms of d is

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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Heat transport in model jammed solids.

Vincenzo Vitelli1, Ning Xu, Matthieu Wyart

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We numerically calculated vibrational modes in jammed soft spheres to understand energy transport. Results reveal how coordination and packing fraction influence sound propagation and thermal conductivity in disordered solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Jammed packings of soft spheres exhibit complex vibrational properties.
  • Understanding energy transport (sound propagation, thermal conductivity) is crucial for disordered materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically calculate normal modes of vibration in 3D jammed soft sphere packings.
  • To determine energy diffusivity and its dependence on packing fraction and coordination.
  • To investigate the crossover from weak to strong phonon scattering and its relation to rigidity loss.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical calculation of normal modes of vibration.
  • Analysis of energy diffusivity as a spectral transport measure.
  • Scaling analysis relating crossover frequency to shear modulus.
  • Calculation of thermal conductivity near the rigidity threshold.

Main Results:

  • Energy diffusivity and crossover frequency are controlled by coordination number.
  • Crossover frequency shifts to zero as packing fraction approaches the rigidity loss point.
  • Diffusivity follows Rayleigh law below crossover, indicating weakly scattered transverse waves.
  • Above crossover, new modes appear with plateauing diffusivity before localization.

Conclusions:

  • The vibrational properties and energy transport in jammed packings are strongly linked to their structure and proximity to the rigidity transition.
  • Findings provide insights into sound propagation and thermal conductivity in glasses.
  • The study establishes a connection between macroscopic properties (shear modulus) and microscopic vibrational dynamics.