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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

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Published on: October 31, 2013

Nonequilibrium 1/f noise in rectifying nanopores.

Matthew R Powell¹, Ivan Vlassiouk, Craig Martens

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|April 7, 2010

Summary

We discovered that the 1/f noise in a single nanopore system depends on voltage polarity. This allows switching between equilibrium and nonequilibrium noise, crucial for understanding ion transport in rectifying nanopores.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Physical Chemistry
Biophysics

Background:

Ion current fluctuations in nanopores are critical for sensing applications.
Understanding noise characteristics, particularly 1/f noise, is essential for device performance.
Rectifying nanopores exhibit asymmetric current-voltage (I-V) behavior, influencing ion transport dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the voltage dependence of 1/f noise in a single rectifying conically shaped nanopore.
To determine if voltage polarity switching can alter the nature of ion current fluctuations.
To characterize the 1/f noise in different conductance states and correlate it with pore rectification.

Main Methods:

Fabrication and characterization of a single conically shaped nanopore.
Measurement of ion current fluctuations under varying voltage polarities and magnitudes.
Analysis of the power spectral density to identify 1/f noise characteristics.
Comparison of noise properties between rectifying and non-rectifying (Ohmic) nanopore systems.

Main Results:

The 1/f noise characteristics of the nanopore system are voltage-dependent.
Switching voltage polarity enables a transition between equilibrium and nonequilibrium 1/f ion current fluctuations.
Nonequilibrium fluctuations in the high-conductance state show an exponential dependence of the normalized power spectrum on voltage.
Asymmetric 1/f noise is observed in rectifying polymer nanopores but is absent in those with Ohmic I-V curves.

Conclusions:

Voltage polarity is a key factor controlling 1/f noise in rectifying nanopores.
The observed asymmetric 1/f noise is a signature of rectifying nanopore behavior.
These findings offer insights into ion transport mechanisms and noise generation in nanoscale devices.