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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary cation—the calcium...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Strain-induced ferroelectricity in simple rocksalt binary oxides.

Eric Bousquet1, Nicola A Spaldin, Philippe Ghosez

  • 1Physique Théorique des Matériaux, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium.

Physical Review Letters
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ferroelectricity is induced in simple binary oxides like barium oxide using epitaxial strain. These materials exhibit functional properties comparable to perovskites, opening avenues for new multiferroic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Ferroelectric perovskite oxides are widely used but complex.
  • Simple binary oxides have not been extensively explored for ferroelectricity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for inducing ferroelectricity in simple binary oxides.
  • To explore the functional properties of strained binary oxides.
  • To assess the feasibility of creating novel multiferroic materials.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles density functional calculations.
  • Application of epitaxial strain to alkaline-earth-metal binary oxides.
  • Analysis of magnetic binary oxides with similar crystal structures.

Main Results:

  • Ferroelectricity successfully induced in barium oxide (BaO) via epitaxial strain.
  • Strained BaO shows polarization, dielectric, and piezoelectric responses comparable to perovskites.
  • Europium oxide (EuO) exhibits similar behavior, indicating potential for multiferroics.

Conclusions:

  • Simple binary oxides can be engineered into functional ferroelectric materials.
  • Strained alkaline-earth-metal oxides offer a promising alternative to perovskites.
  • A pathway to new multiferroic materials combining ferroelectric and magnetic properties is identified.