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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
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Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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The Phase Rule

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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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First-order versus unconventional phase transitions in three-dimensional dimer models.

Stefanos Papanikolaou1, Joseph J Betouras

  • 1Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We investigated phase transitions in the 3D classical dimer model. Weak repulsive interactions revealed a critical line of unconventional transitions, uncovering a multicritical point.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Phase transitions

Background:

  • The 3D classical dimer model exhibits a continuous phase transition between Coulomb liquid and columnar crystal phases within the O(3) universality class.
  • The model typically considers nearest-neighbor interactions favoring parallel dimers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of additional, symmetry-preserving neighbor interactions on the phase transition.
  • To explore the existence and nature of multicritical points and unconventional transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of the 3D classical dimer model.
  • Inclusion of further neighbor interactions while preserving cubic symmetry.
  • Examination of the transition's order under weak additional interactions.

Main Results:

  • The transition becomes first order in the presence of weak, attractive, symmetry-preserving interactions.
  • The transition remains continuous with weakly repulsive additional interactions.
  • Verification of a multicritical point near the unperturbed transition.
  • Identification of a critical line for unconventional transitions between the Coulomb liquid and sixfold columnar phases.

Conclusions:

  • Additional interactions significantly alter the nature of the phase transition.
  • The study confirms the existence of a rich phase diagram with unconventional critical phenomena.
  • The findings contribute to understanding universality classes and critical behavior in statistical physics models.