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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
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Published on: May 13, 2019

Transcript Elongation by RNA Polymerase II.

Luke A Selth1, Stefan Sigurdsson, Jesper Q Svejstrup

  • 1Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, United Kingdom.

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II is a complex, regulated process impacting genome integrity, challenging older views of simple transcription. This review explores elongation

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Historically, gene transcription regulation was thought to occur solely at promoter and enhancer regions.
  • RNA polymerase II was considered a passive enzyme simply reading the gene sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental mechanisms of transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II.
  • To highlight the complex regulatory nature of transcript elongation.
  • To discuss the implications of elongation for genome organization and integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on RNA polymerase II transcript elongation.
  • Synthesis of findings on the regulation and impact of elongation.
  • Discussion of the interplay between elongation and other DNA-related processes.

Main Results:

  • Evidence indicates transcript elongation is a highly regulated and complex process.
  • Elongation significantly influences genome organization and integrity.
  • Elongation is intrinsically linked to other DNA metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The paradigm of transcription has shifted, recognizing elongation as a key regulatory step.
  • Understanding transcript elongation is crucial for comprehending genome stability and function.
  • Further research into elongation mechanisms will illuminate fundamental biological processes.