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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Prostate cancer: an evolving paradigm.

Jorge R Caso1, Vladimir Mouraviev, Matvey Tsivian

  • 1Division of Urologic Surgery and Duke Prostate Center (DPC), Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.

Journal of Endourology
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PubMed
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Prostate cancer risk has decreased due to PSA screening, leading to more low-risk diagnoses. This shift supports less invasive treatments like focal therapy for prostate cancer patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Screening

Background:

  • Since the 1990s, prostate cancer staging and risk have shifted, correlating with the adoption of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening.
  • Preoperative indicators such as PSA levels and clinical stage have shown significant reductions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of PSA screening on prostate cancer risk stratification and treatment paradigms.
  • To evaluate the implications of decreased risk factors on postoperative outcomes and the feasibility of focal therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of prostate cancer patient data.
  • Assessment of changes in preoperative risk factors (PSA, clinical stage) over time.
  • Evaluation of postoperative outcomes (extraprostatic extension, biochemical recurrence) and tumor characteristics (unilaterality, volume).

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in preoperative risk factors for prostate cancer.
  • An increase in the proportion of patients classified with low-risk disease.
  • Improved postoperative outcomes, including reduced extraprostatic extension and longer biochemical-free recurrence.
  • Findings indicate a trend towards more unilateral disease with lower tumor volume.

Conclusions:

  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has led to a migration towards lower-risk prostate cancer diagnoses.
  • These changes favor more favorable postoperative results and support the potential for focal therapy and delayed treatment strategies.