Motivational interviewing-based health coaching as a chronic care intervention
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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models
Published on: December 23, 2025
Ariel Linden1, Susan W Butterworth, James O Prochaska
1Linden Consulting Group, Portland, OR, USA. alinden@lindenconsulting.org
Objective:
To evaluate the impact of motivational interviewing-based health coaching on a chronically ill group of participants compared with non-participants. Specifically, measures that could be directly attributed to a health coaching intervention on chronic illness were assessed.
Design:
Quasi-experimental study design.
Setting:
A large medical university in the north-west United States.
Methods:
One hundred and six chronically ill programme participants completed a health risk survey instrument prior to enrolment and again at approximately 8 months. Outcomes were compared with 230 chronically ill non-participants who completed the survey twice over a similar time frame. Inverse probability of treatment weights were used in conjunction with the propensity score to correct for selection bias.
Results:
Compared with non-participants, programme participants improved their self-efficacy (P = 0.01), patient activation (P = 0.02), lifestyle change score (P = 0.01) and perceived health status (P = 0.03). Fewer participants increased their stages of change risk over time than non-participants (P < 0.01), and more participants decreased their stages of change risk over time than non-participants (P = 0.03).
Conclusion:
These results support motivational interviewing-based health coaching as an effective chronic care management intervention in impacting outcome measures that could also serve well as a proxy in the absence of other clinical or cost indices.
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