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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays

Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays

Published on: January 3, 2015

Human ovarian cancer stem cells.

Sharmila A Bapat¹

¹National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India. sabapat@nccs.res.in

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)

|April 7, 2010

Summary

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare cells driving tumor growth. This review outlines methods for isolating ovarian CSCs, crucial for advancing cancer management and understanding stem cell biology.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Stem Cell Biology
Gynecologic Oncology

Background:

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare cell populations driving tumor growth and recurrence.
Ovarian CSC research is hindered by a lack of understanding of normal ovarian stem cell biology.
CSCs have been identified in various cancers, including leukemia and solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current methodologies for isolating and identifying ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs).
To discuss the challenges and perspectives in ovarian CSC research.
To highlight the importance of CSCs in ovarian cancer management.

Main Methods:

Review of established techniques for stem cell isolation, including long-term culture-initiating assays.
Screening and evaluation of epithelial stem cell surface markers.

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Assessment of dye efflux and label retention properties of putative CSCs.

Main Results:

Various approaches have been applied to isolate CSCs from ovarian tumors.
Classical stem cell parameters are being adapted for ovarian CSC identification.
The review synthesizes current perspectives on ovarian CSC isolation.

Conclusions:

Understanding ovarian CSC biology is critical for developing effective ovarian cancer therapies.
Further research is needed to refine isolation techniques and validate CSC markers.
Advances in CSC research hold promise for improved disease management and patient outcomes.