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Transcriptome of swarming Proteus mirabilis.

Melanie M Pearson1, David A Rasko, Sara N Smith

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Infection and Immunity
|April 7, 2010
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Summary

Proteus mirabilis swarming involves distinct growth phases. The consolidation phase, where cells shorten, prepares the bacteria for subsequent swarming waves, with specific genes crucial for urinary tract infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Motility
  • Gene Expression Analysis

Background:

  • Proteus mirabilis exhibits complex swarming motility on agar surfaces, forming characteristic bull's-eye patterns.
  • This motility is crucial for the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
  • Understanding the genetic regulation of swarming phases is essential for controlling P. mirabilis infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differential gene expression between broth-cultured, swarming, and consolidation-phase cells of Proteus mirabilis.
  • To identify genes involved in the distinct phases of P. mirabilis colony development.
  • To assess the role of specific upregulated genes during consolidation in virulence during UTIs.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis based on the P. mirabilis genome sequence.
  • RNA extraction from cells in different growth states (broth, swarming, consolidation).
  • Gene expression profiling to identify differentially expressed genes.
  • Mutational analysis of selected genes (dppA, oppB, cysJ) to assess their role in swarming and infection.

Main Results:

  • Significant differential gene expression was observed between all three growth states.
  • Flagellar genes were upregulated in both swarming and consolidation phases.
  • Genes for cell division and anaerobic growth were upregulated in broth culture.
  • Consolidation phase showed upregulation of 541 genes, including those involved in flagellar biosynthesis, transport, metabolism, and phage.
  • Mutations in dppA and cysJ impacted virulence in a murine UTI model, despite minor effects on swarming.

Conclusions:

  • The consolidation phase represents a preparatory state for the next swarming cycle in P. mirabilis.
  • Specific genes upregulated during consolidation are critical for P. mirabilis pathogenesis in ascending urinary tract infections.
  • Protein synthesis is not essential for the initiation of swarming motility.