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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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Genetics of Speciation

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Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila
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Published on: October 1, 2011

Contrasting genetic paths to morphological and physiological evolution.

Ben-Yang Liao1, Meng-Pin Weng, Jianzhi Zhang

  • 1Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Republic of China. liaoby@nhri.org.tw

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Morphological and physiological evolution have different genetic underpinnings. Morphogenes (affecting form) differ molecularly from physiogenes (affecting function), impacting evolutionary trajectories.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The roles of protein function versus gene expression in phenotypic evolution are debated.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of morphological and physiological changes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential molecular underpinnings of morphological and physiological evolution.
  • To analyze the characteristics of genes associated with morphological (morphogenes) versus physiological (physiogenes) traits.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5,199 mouse genes with recorded mutant phenotypes.
  • Categorization of genes into morphogenes and physiogenes based on trait effects.
  • Comparison of gene properties, including functional enrichment, essentiality, pleiotropy, tissue specificity, and evolutionary rates (protein sequence, expression profile, gene gain/loss).

Main Results:

  • Morphogenes are enriched with transcriptional regulators, while physiogenes are enriched with channels, transporters, receptors, and enzymes.
  • Morphogenes are more likely to be essential, pleiotropic, and less tissue-specific than physiogenes.
  • Morphogenes exhibit faster evolution in expression profiles but slower evolution in protein sequence and gene gain/loss compared to physiogenes.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological and physiological evolution possess distinct molecular bases.
  • Differentiating between morphogenes and physiogenes aids in understanding the genetic mechanisms driving phenotypic evolution.