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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Intraperitoneal bladder rupture mimicking acute renal failure.

K G Arun1, Salahauddin, V Leela

  • 1Department of Nephrology, NU Trust, Bangalore, India.

Indian Journal of Nephrology
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A patient experienced acute renal failure due to spontaneous intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture. Urine absorption across the peritoneum normalized kidney function post-repair, highlighting an unusual cause of elevated creatinine.

Keywords:
Acute renal failurebladder rupture

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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rapid decrease in kidney function, indicated by elevated serum creatinine and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  • AKI is typically categorized into prerenal, renal, and postrenal causes, often multifactorial.
  • This case presents a unique scenario where elevated creatinine was not attributable to these standard classifications.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with severe abdominal pain, decreased urine output (oliguria), blood in urine (gross hematuria), and uremia.
  • Diagnostic imaging revealed a spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder.
  • Biochemical parameters, including serum creatinine, normalized within 24 hours after surgical repair of the bladder rupture.

Findings:

  • The patient's elevated serum creatinine and uremia were caused by the absorption of extravasated urine from the peritoneal cavity.
  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained normal throughout the event, differentiating this from typical AKI.
  • This presentation represents a unique form of postrenal acute kidney injury secondary to bladder rupture and subsequent urine reabsorption.

Implications:

  • Spontaneous bladder rupture should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain with signs of renal dysfunction.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering mechanical causes of urine retention and reabsorption in unexplained elevations of serum creatinine.
  • Prompt surgical intervention for intraperitoneal bladder rupture can rapidly reverse associated renal biochemical abnormalities.