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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Thyroid cancer: current molecular perspectives.

Francesca Giusti1, Alberto Falchetti, Francesco Franceschelli

  • 1Regional Centre for Hereditary Endocrine Tumors, Unit of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50135 Florence, Italy.

Journal of Oncology
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid cancer incidence is rising, especially differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Genetic studies, particularly analyzing gene mutations from fine needle aspiration biopsies, are crucial for diagnosing small nodules and indeterminate cytology, aiding prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy, accounting for <1% of all cancers.
  • A notable increase in differentiated thyroid carcinoma incidence has been observed in both sexes.
  • Genetic alterations are increasingly identified in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the histological features of thyroid cancer, including thyroid microcarcinoma.
  • To explore the environmental and genetic factors contributing to thyroid cancer occurrence.
  • To highlight the clinical utility of molecular genetic studies in thyroid nodule evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on thyroid cancer genetics and histology.
  • Focus on molecular genetic approaches for gene mutation analysis.
  • Discussion of fine needle aspiration biopsy utility in indeterminate cytology.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a correlation between specific gene mutations and thyroid cancer phenotypes.
  • Demonstration of the utility of genetic analysis in small nodules and indeterminate cytology specimens.
  • Characterization of recent advancements in understanding thyroid tumor genetics.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic studies are essential for understanding thyroid cancer prognosis.
  • Molecular genetic analysis of fine needle aspiration biopsies offers significant clinical utility.
  • Further research into environmental and genetic factors is vital for thyroid cancer management.