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Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics

Published on: February 18, 2009

Transcriptomics in ecotoxicology.

Kristin Schirmer¹, Beat B Fischer, Danielle J Madureira

¹Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Uberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. kristin.schirmer@eawag.ch

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|April 7, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-throughput transcriptomics, or gene expression profiling, offers powerful insights into how organisms respond to environmental stressors. This technology is increasingly vital in ecotoxicology for understanding chemical impacts.

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Area of Science:

Ecotoxicology
Molecular Biology
Environmental Science

Background:

High-throughput analytical tools are revolutionizing toxicological studies.
Transcriptomics (gene expression profiling) is a key high-throughput approach.
The transcriptome reflects active gene expression, indicating organismal responses to environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the current applications of transcriptomics in ecotoxicology.
To highlight the challenges and emerging trends in this field.

Main Methods:

Transcriptomics analysis
Gene expression profiling
High-throughput screening of biomolecules

Main Results:

Transcriptomics enables the deduction of organismal responses to environmental changes.
The technology provides a detailed view of gene activity under various stressors.

Conclusions:

Transcriptomics is a powerful tool in ecotoxicology for assessing chemical impacts.
Further development and application of transcriptomics will advance environmental risk assessment.