[Advanced oxidation protein products. Part I. Mechanism of the formation, characteristics and property]

Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) are derived from oxidation-modified albumin (its aggregates or fragments), but also of fibrinogen, and lipoproteins. Oxidative stress (OS) is the main element in this modification and the most significant is the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/halide system. In its structure the dityrosine, carbonyl groups and cross-linking bond are present in the large amount. AOPP have their own particular biological proprieties, similar to those of AGEs, and also bind to the same receptor, i.e. RAGE. This results in similar clinical results. AOPP are mainly cleared from the organism by the liver and spleen. AOPP are recognized as markers of oxidative damage to proteins, the intensity of OS and inflammation. Physiologically, AOPP are formed during the whole life in small quantities and increase with age. Significantly higher concentrations of AOPP are observed in many pathological conditions, also in diabetes. In diabetes the formation of AOPP is induced by intensified glycooxidation processes, oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, and coexisting inflammation. The method of determination of AOPP level is simple and rapid, and can be also used as a marker for diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic disorders.