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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview01:30

Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview

Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
To test the completeness of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
06:21

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

Digital electrospray for controlled deposition.

Weiwei Deng1, C Mike Waits, Alessandro Gomez

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel digital electrospray system offers precise, rapid deposition for fabricating functional structures. This maskless, bottom-up technique overcomes limitations of inkjet printing, enabling advanced material patterning.

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Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics
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Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Vapor Phase Deposition of Electroactive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) onto Electrospun Commodity Polymer Nanofibers
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Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics
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Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Published on: April 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Microfabrication Technologies
  • Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials

Background:

  • Controlled deposition techniques are crucial for fabricating novel functional structures using maskless, bottom-up approaches.
  • Existing methods like inkjet printing face limitations with viscous liquids, high shear rates, and clogging.
  • Electrospray offers a promising alternative due to its ability to handle diverse liquids and minimize clogging risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a proof-of-concept digital electrospray system for precise and rapid material deposition.
  • To evaluate the performance of a microfabricated silicon nozzle array and a flexible polyimide-based digital extractor.
  • To explore the scalability and potential of digital electrospray for advanced fabrication applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 61-nozzle array microfabricated in silicon.
  • Fabrication of a 61-element digital extractor using flexible polyimide substrates.
  • Characterization of the digital electrospray system's resolution and response frequency.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a spatial resolution of 675 micrometers (µm).
  • Demonstrated a response frequency of up to 100 Hz, with individual electrospray sources controllable (on/off).
  • Identified potential for scaling to over 1000 sources with sub-250 µm resolution and kHz frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • The digital electrospray system represents a significant advancement in maskless, bottom-up fabrication.
  • The technology is scalable and adaptable for high-throughput, high-resolution deposition of various materials.
  • This technique holds promise for diverse applications requiring precise patterning of solutions, suspensions, or particles.