Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Critical Thinking01:19

Critical Thinking

Critical thinking involves reflective and productive thinking and the evaluation of evidence. Critical thinkers seek to understand the deeper meaning of ideas, question assumptions, and make independent decisions about what to believe or do. Scientists, for instance, are often critical thinkers. Critical thinking also requires humility about what we know and don't know and the motivation to look beyond the obvious. It is essential for effective problem-solving.
Colleges and universities are...
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparative social costs of six early years disadvantages: a birth cohort microsimulation study.

Journal of epidemiology and community health·2026
Same author

Turning the 10-year NHS plan into a 50-year legacy: the centrality of children and young people.

Archives of disease in childhood·2026
Same author

An Aha moment precedes the strategic response to a visuomotor rotation.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Variants in the CxxC domain of the epigenetic regulator KDM2B support its role in developmental eye anomalies.

European journal of human genetics : EJHG·2026
Same author

Clinical utility of biomarkers for outcomes prediction in adults with suspected sepsis presenting to the emergency department: a synthesis of current evidence.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2026
Same author

"The system is a bit broken…" a qualitative exploration of barriers in the pathway for diagnosing Developmental Coordination Disorder.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Predictive ability of the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination for identifying severe neurodevelopmental impairment in infants born very preterm.

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2026
Same journal

Neuropathic pain in cerebral palsy and related genetic conditions: A scoping review of prevalence, characteristics, and management.

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2026
Same journal

Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination global scores for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes after 2 years of age: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2026
Same journal

Seizure worsening and sodium channel blockers in HCN1-related epilepsies: A case series.

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2026
Same journal

What is the impact of childhood-onset disability research - and what should it be?

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2026
Same journal

Sleep disturbances in children with cerebral palsy, their siblings, and parents: A qualitative descriptive study.

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Detecting Attention Levels in Students
06:37

Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Detecting Attention Levels in Students

Published on: December 15, 2023

Exercising attention within the classroom.

Liam Hill1, Justin H G Williams, Lorna Aucott

  • 1Child Health, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK. liam_hill@abdn.ac.uk

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Daily physical exercise in schools significantly boosts children's cognitive performance. These benefits are most pronounced when exercise is integrated into the second week of the school curriculum.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Detecting Attention Levels in Students
06:37

Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Detecting Attention Levels in Students

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Child Development
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Classroom-based physical activity is increasingly recognized for its potential to enhance academic outcomes.
  • Understanding the specific impact of structured exercise interventions during the school day on cognitive functions is crucial for curriculum development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if implementing a physical exercise program during the school day improves subsequent cognitive performance in primary school children.
  • To explore how factors like intervention timing, test type, and age influence the cognitive benefits of physical exercise.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, crossover-design trial involving 1224 children aged 8-11 years across six primary schools.
  • Children participated in a 15-minute teacher-directed physical exercise program for one week and a control (no exercise) week, with the order counterbalanced.
  • Cognitive performance was assessed daily using five psychometric tests (e.g., paced serial addition, digit-span backwards).

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction indicated that physical exercise positively impacted cognitive performance (p<0.001).
  • Benefits were observed in the second week of the intervention, not the first, suggesting a potential cumulative effect.
  • The extent of cognitive enhancement varied based on the type of cognitive test administered and the age of the participants.

Conclusions:

  • Classroom physical exercise interventions can lead to measurable improvements in cognitive performance among schoolchildren.
  • The effectiveness of exercise is context-dependent, influenced by testing conditions and individual participant characteristics.
  • Findings support the integration of physical activity into the school curriculum to foster cognitive development and academic achievement.