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Related Concept Videos

Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
In vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Production of Germ-Free Fast-Growing Broilers from a Commercial Line for Microbiota Studies
05:51

Production of Germ-Free Fast-Growing Broilers from a Commercial Line for Microbiota Studies

Published on: June 18, 2020

Genetic variation of contact dermatitis in broilers.

B Ask1

  • 1Genetics and Bioinformatics, Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. birgitteask@hotmail.com

Poultry Science
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variation exists for footpad dermatitis (FPD) and hock burns (HB) in broilers, allowing for selection against these conditions. Ignoring FPD during breeding may increase its incidence, impacting broiler welfare.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Genetics
  • Poultry Science

Background:

  • Footpad dermatitis (FPD) and hock burns (HB) are welfare concerns in commercial broiler chickens.
  • Genetic selection is a potential tool to mitigate these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic variation in FPD and HB.
  • To assess the feasibility of genetic selection against FPD and HB in commercial broiler lines.

Main Methods:

  • A field trial involving 10 commercial broiler lines (n = 102–265) across 2 Dutch farms.
  • Subjective scoring of FPD and HB on a 0–5 scale at 4, 5, and 7 weeks.
  • Estimation of genetic parameters in 2 lines using a larger dataset.

Main Results:

  • High agreement in repeated FPD and HB scores confirmed scoring reliability.
  • Significant genetic variation for both FPD and HB was observed between and within broiler lines.
  • Selection against FPD and HB is possible and recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic selection against FPD and HB is feasible in commercial broilers.
  • Selection for increased body weight (BW) without considering FPD may exacerbate FPD prevalence.
  • Integrated breeding goals are necessary to improve broiler welfare without compromising growth performance.