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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

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Published on: December 22, 2015

Spectral measurements of stack effluents using a double-beam interferometer with background suppression.

O Shepherd, A G Hurd, R B Wattson

|April 8, 2010

Summary

This study used a mobile double-beam interferometer to measure stack effluent emissions, offering real-time background suppression for accurate field analysis. The technology enables effective environmental monitoring and data comparison, as demonstrated with incinerator emissions.

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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Industrial and municipal emissions require accurate monitoring.
Real-time analysis of effluent spectra is crucial for environmental compliance.
Traditional methods may lack the sensitivity or speed for effective background suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a mobile double-beam interferometer for measuring stack effluent emission spectra.
To demonstrate the system's capability for real-time background suppression in field settings.
To analyze and compare measured spectra with synthetic models.

Main Methods:

Utilized a double-beam interferometer installed in a mobile van.
Conducted field site measurements of effluents from four selected stacks.
Employed real-time graphical data display for immediate analysis.
Compared a municipal incinerator spectrum with a FASCODE generated synthetic spectrum.

Main Results:

The double-beam interferometer provided effective real-time background suppression.
Field site measurements and near real-time data display were successfully achieved.
Analysis of selected spectra, including comparison with synthetic data, was performed.

Conclusions:

Double-beam interferometry is a viable technique for mobile, real-time effluent emission analysis.
The system offers advantages in background suppression for environmental monitoring.
The methodology supports accurate spectral analysis and comparison with theoretical models.