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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer
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[Liver metastases: pathogenesis and oncogenesis].

U F Wellner1, T Keck, T Brabletz

  • 1Abteilung Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg i. Br., Hugstetter Strasse 55, Freiburg, Germany.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
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Summary

Liver metastases from colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancers involve epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process dynamically induces cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, potentially creating migrating cancer stem cells (MCSC) that drive distant metastasis.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer
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Published on: December 26, 2016

Advanced Animal Model of Colorectal Metastasis in Liver: Imaging Techniques and Properties of Metastatic Clones
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Advanced Animal Model of Colorectal Metastasis in Liver: Imaging Techniques and Properties of Metastatic Clones

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Murine Model of Metastatic Liver Tumors in the Setting of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Pathology

Background:

  • Liver metastases are frequently linked to colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancers.
  • Metastasis represents the final stage of malignant tumor progression.
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in local invasion and distant metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of EMT in the formation of liver metastases.
  • To explore the relationship between EMT and cancer stem cells (CSCs) in metastasis.
  • To elucidate the potential mechanism of migrating cancer stem cells (MCSCs) in driving distant metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular investigations into the mechanisms of metastasis.
  • Analysis of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in solid tumors.
  • Examination of the dynamic interplay between EMT and CSC induction.

Main Results:

  • EMT plays a crucial role in local invasion and the formation of distant metastases.
  • A subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) exists within solid tumors.
  • EMT can dynamically induce CSC properties, leading to the formation of migrating cancer stem cells (MCSCs).

Conclusions:

  • Migrating cancer stem cells (MCSCs), induced by EMT, are theoretically the basis for distant metastasis development.
  • Understanding the EMT-CSC axis is critical for targeting liver metastasis.
  • This research highlights a potential pathway for novel therapeutic strategies against metastatic cancer.