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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
06:23

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Published on: May 23, 2021

Leprotic cervical spondylodiscitis.

Sang Jin Kim1, Tae Hoon Lee, Jun Jae Shin

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, 911-1 Mok-dong, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, Korea. sjkimmd@unitel.co.kr

European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study reports the first case of leprosy affecting the cervical spine, a rare axial skeletal lesion. Surgical treatment resolved symptoms in a patient with a history of Hansen's disease.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
06:23

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Published on: May 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Leprosy (caused by Mycobacterium leprae) typically causes peripheral neuropathy and skin lesions.
  • Skeletal involvement is usually limited to peripheral joints.
  • Axial skeletal involvement, particularly in the cervical spine, is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A 48-year-old male with a history of leprosy presented with severe neck and arm pain.
  • Cervical spine MRI revealed prevertebral soft tissue changes, bone marrow signal abnormalities, and posterior longitudinal ligament ossification.
  • Intraoperative findings included friable gelatinous material in the C5/6 disc and C5 vertebral body.

Findings:

  • Pathological and microbiological analysis confirmed leprosy (Hansen's disease) as the cause of cervical spondylodiscitis.
  • Polymerase chain reaction for leprosy tested positive.
  • Surgical intervention, including discectomy, nerve root decompression, bone grafting, and spinal fixation, was successful.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for leprosy to manifest as axial skeletal disease, specifically cervical spondylodiscitis.
  • Early recognition and surgical management are crucial for treating this rare complication.
  • Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis and prevalence of axial leprosy involvement.