Sonication-assisted fabrication and post-synthetic modifications of graphene-like materials

Chemistry of and with graphene constitutes a rapidly evolving field that holds much promise for the generation of advanced materials with salient, and often unique, properties and potential applications in different fields. However, reliable, mild, and scalable methods to produce this layered carbonaceous material represent an important bottleneck and are critical for progress in this research area to continue. In this context, the use of ultrasound has become a routine and indispensable step in numerous synthetic protocols, even though most researchers usually overlook the science behind it. This minireview provides some fundamentals on the interaction of sound waves with matter and equally illustrates how sonication assists further synthetic decorations under benign conditions.