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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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T2-weighted 3D fMRI using S2-SSFP at 7 tesla.

Markus Barth1, Heiko Meyer, Stephan A R Kannengiesser

  • 1Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. markus.barth@donders.ru.nl

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that S(2)-steady-state free precession (SSFP) functional MRI at 7 Tesla offers comparable activation mapping to spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) with lower power deposition. S(2)-SSFP provides feasible whole-brain T(2)-weighted functional MRI with minimal distortion.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • High-field functional MRI (fMRI) at 7 Tesla (T) offers enhanced sensitivity but faces challenges with power deposition and temporal resolution.
  • Steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences are explored as alternatives to conventional spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) for fMRI.
  • Investigating novel sequences like S(2)-SSFP is crucial for optimizing fMRI acquisition at ultra-high fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensitivity and performance of the S(2)-steady-state free precession (SSFP) signal for functional MRI at 7 Tesla.
  • To compare the S(2)-SSFP technique with conventional spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) in terms of activation localization, sensitivity, and power deposition.
  • To assess the feasibility of whole-brain T(2)-weighted fMRI using S(2)-SSFP with partially parallel imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a three-dimensional acquisition scheme with undersampling along two spatial axes to achieve high temporal resolution.
  • Acquired functional MRI data using S(2)-SSFP and SE-EPI sequences at 7 Tesla.
  • Analyzed activation maps, functional sensitivity (z-values), and relative signal changes upon activation in defined voxels.

Main Results:

  • S(2)-SSFP demonstrated similar spatial localization and sensitivity of activation compared to SE-EPI.
  • Functional sensitivity (z-values) was comparable between S(2)-SSFP and SE-EPI, though slightly lower for S(2)-SSFP at specific repetition times (TR).
  • Relative signal changes upon activation were higher for S(2)-SSFP (especially with longer TR) than SE-EPI, aligning with simulation results.

Conclusions:

  • Whole-brain T(2)-weighted functional MRI at 7 T is feasible using the S(2)-SSFP sequence combined with partially parallel imaging.
  • S(2)-SSFP offers the advantage of substantially lower power deposition compared to SE-EPI.
  • The observed signal changes in S(2)-SSFP are influenced by multiple coherence pathways and intrinsic signal intensity, particularly at longer TRs.