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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
06:45

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

Published on: September 16, 2022

Proteus vertebral osteomyelitis.

Tuck Yean Yong1, Jordan Yuanzhi Li

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia. tuck.yong@health.sa.gov.au

International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteus mirabilis is a rare cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, with only 21 reported cases in 75 years. Consider this organism in patients with recent urinary tract infections or urological surgery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
06:45

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteomyelitis, particularly vertebral osteomyelitis, is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Proteus species are infrequent pathogens in bone infections.

Observation:

  • Vertebral osteomyelitis attributed to Proteus organisms is exceptionally rare, with limited case reports over several decades.
  • This specific bacterial cause is noted in only 21 instances within the last 75 years.

Findings:

  • Proteus mirabilis should be considered as a potential causative agent for vertebral osteomyelitis.
  • Its occurrence may be linked to recent urinary tract infections or prior urological procedures.

Implications:

  • Diagnosis requires biopsy to identify the specific pathogen, Proteus mirabilis.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is crucial for effective treatment of Proteus-induced vertebral osteomyelitis.