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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

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Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling
08:38

Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 22, 2021

Translational control during early development.

Paul Lasko1

  • 1Department of Biology and Developmental Biology Research Initiative, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores mRNA localization and translational control mechanisms, focusing on key systems like Drosophila and C. elegans. It highlights how these processes are vital for development and linked to human diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Asymmetric messenger RNA (mRNA) localization in the cytoplasm is crucial for cellular functions.
  • Translational control of localized mRNAs directs key developmental events, including germline development and embryonic axis specification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on mRNA localization and translational control mechanisms.
  • To focus on the role of trans-acting protein factors in mediating these processes.
  • To discuss implications for human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on mRNA localization and translational control.
  • Focus on well-characterized model systems: Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Xenopus.
  • Inclusion of studies linking translational control factors to human diseases.

Main Results:

  • mRNA localization and translational control are fundamental processes across evolution.
  • Trans-acting protein factors play critical roles in regulating these mechanisms.
  • Specific examples from Drosophila, C. elegans, and Xenopus illustrate conserved principles.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding mRNA localization and translational control is essential for comprehending developmental processes.
  • Dysregulation of these mechanisms can contribute to human disease.
  • Further research in model systems can provide insights into human pathologies.