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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications
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Published on: November 19, 2013

Development of breed identification markers based on a bovine 50K SNP array.

Y Suekawa1, H Aihara, M Araki

  • 1Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.

Meat Science
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

New genetic markers can distinguish Japanese from US cattle breeds, helping prevent mislabeled beef sales. This food safety advancement utilizes a bovine 50K SNP array for accurate breed identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal genetics
  • Food safety
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Japanese Black and Holstein cattle are key domestic meat sources in Japan.
  • Imported beef from Australia and the US is also in demand.
  • The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak highlighted issues of mislabeled imported beef as domestic, impacting consumer trust and food safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop genetic markers for discriminating between Japanese and US cattle breeds.
  • To enhance food safety by preventing the false sale of imported beef.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a bovine 50K SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) array.
  • Developed and validated five US-specific SNP markers (BISNP7, BISNP15, BISNP21, BISNP23, and BISNP26).

Main Results:

  • Five US-specific markers were identified with allelic frequencies ranging from 0.102 to 0.250.
  • The combined use of these five markers achieved a 0.858 probability of correctly identifying US cattle.
  • The bovine 50K SNP array proved effective for developing breed identification markers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SNP markers are effective tools for distinguishing Japanese and US cattle breeds.
  • These markers can significantly contribute to preventing falsified beef displays in Japan.
  • The study demonstrates the utility of SNP arrays in ensuring beef authenticity and consumer safety.