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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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Published on: November 7, 2018

Hepatitis C virus transmission bottlenecks analyzed by deep sequencing.

Gary P Wang1, Scott A Sherrill-Mix, Kyong-Mi Chang

  • 1University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA.

Journal of Virology
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection begins with a few viral particles. Viral populations diversify over time, with high diversity in the envelope region and low diversity in the 5' UTR.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
11:14

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
09:36

Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples

Published on: July 2, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication generates diverse viral populations.
  • This diversity can lead to drug-resistant and immune escape variants.
  • Understanding HCV transmission and diversification is crucial for treatment and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze HCV populations during transmission and diversification.
  • To determine the initial number of viral particles involved in productive infection.
  • To investigate sequence diversity across different regions of the HCV genome.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of longitudinal and cross-sectional patient samples.
  • Utilized 454/Roche pyrosequencing technology.
  • Examined 174,185 sequence reads across four HCV genome locations, including HVR1 and 5' UTR.

Main Results:

  • Early infection stages involved only 1-4 viral variants, indicating a narrow transmission bottleneck.
  • Sequence diversity accumulated over time, with significant variation in HVR1 (>100 variants) but minimal diversification in the 5' UTR.
  • Transmission probability calculations supported infection by a single or few viral particles.

Conclusions:

  • HCV infection is initiated by a very small number of viral particles.
  • Significant viral diversification occurs post-infection, particularly in the HVR1 region.
  • The study provides detailed sequence-based evidence of HCV transmission bottlenecks and applicable analytical methods for viral diversity studies.