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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

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Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli
09:16

Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli

Published on: April 5, 2019

Multimodal analgesia in children.

Myron Yaster1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. myaster1@jhmi.edu

European Journal of Anaesthesiology
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multimodal analgesia combines various pain relievers and therapies to improve pain control in children while reducing side effects. This approach, detailed with neurophysiology and dosage guidelines, offers a comprehensive strategy for managing acute and chronic pain.

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Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
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Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli
09:16

Multi-Modal Signals for Analyzing Pain Responses to Thermal and Electrical Stimuli

Published on: April 5, 2019

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
09:38

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pain Management
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pediatric pain management increasingly uses multimodal or preventive analgesia.
  • This involves combining opioid and nonopioid analgesics in smaller doses.
  • Complementary and alternative medicine therapies are also integrated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe molecular targets and strategies in multimodal pain management.
  • To provide weight-based dosage guidelines for common analgesics.
  • To optimize pain control and minimize adverse effects in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurophysiology of pain.
  • Description of molecular targets for multimodal analgesia.
  • Inclusion of nonpharmacological therapies (e.g., acupuncture, hypnosis).

Main Results:

  • Multimodal analgesia maximizes pain control.
  • Smaller analgesic doses minimize drug-induced adverse effects.
  • Integration of pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches is key.

Conclusions:

  • Multimodal analgesia is an effective strategy for pediatric pain.
  • Understanding pain neurophysiology guides therapeutic choices.
  • Dosage guidelines facilitate safe and effective treatment.