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Related Concept Videos

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next sampling...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
Zero-sequence current induces a voltage drop across the generator's neutral impedance and other...
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

[The reconstructive sequence in the 21st century. A reconstructive clockwork].

K Knobloch1, P M Vogt

  • 1Plastische, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover. Knobloch.karsten@mh-hannover.de

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The conventional reconstructive ladder is evolving with novel techniques like composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA), robotics, and tissue engineering. These advancements offer significant quality of life improvements for patients with complex tissue defects.

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A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
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A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
10:42

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive surgery
  • Transplantation medicine
  • Biotechnology

Context:

  • The conventional reconstructive ladder, introduced in 1982, includes primary closure, skin grafting, flaps, tissue expansion, and free tissue transfer.
  • Complex tissue defects often exceed the scope of conventional reconstructive methods.
  • Advancements in transplantation medicine and surgical techniques are continuously sought.

Purpose:

  • To explore novel techniques in reconstructive surgery beyond conventional methods.
  • To evaluate the potential of composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA), robotics, and tissue engineering.
  • To consider future integral components of reconstructive surgery for the 21st century.

Summary:

  • Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) shows encouraging initial results for complex defects, despite risks like immunosuppression-induced tumors and chronic rejection.
  • Robotic systems, such as the Da Vinci, are entering surgical routines, enabling microsurgical anastomosis but currently requiring significant resources.
  • Adipose-derived stem cell transfer demonstrates potential in improving contour defects and skin quality through regeneration and tissue engineering.

Impact:

  • Novel techniques like CTA, robotics, and tissue engineering, including stem cell therapy, represent the future of reconstructive surgery.
  • These advanced methods promise significant improvements in patients' quality of life, especially those who have undergone multiple prior procedures.
  • Integrating these technologies will enhance reconstructive capabilities, centering patient needs in 21st-century surgical efforts.