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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients
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Amyloid in endomyocardial biopsies.

Barbara Kieninger1, Magdalena Eriksson, Reinhard Kandolf

  • 1Department of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac amyloidosis prognosis hinges on amyloid type. Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is most prevalent in heart biopsies, followed by transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), with some hereditary forms identified.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis is linked to the specific amyloid protein deposited.
  • Limited data exists on the prevalence and origin of amyloid within endomyocardial biopsies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the distribution and origin of amyloid deposits in a series of endomyocardial biopsies.
  • To determine the relative frequencies of different amyloid types in cardiac tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Included 101 patients with verified amyloid in endomyocardial biopsies.
  • Classified amyloid types using immunohistochemistry.
  • Performed DNA sequencing on 19 patients with ATTR amyloidosis to identify TTR mutations.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac amyloidosis was predominantly AL (54%) or ATTR (42%) type.
  • AL amyloidosis was more abundant than ATTR amyloidosis.
  • Five patients (26%) with ATTR amyloidosis carried TTR mutations, indicating hereditary forms.

Conclusions:

  • Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common type found in endomyocardial biopsies.
  • Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, including hereditary forms, is also a significant finding.
  • Understanding amyloid origin is crucial for managing cardiac amyloidosis.