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Related Concept Videos

Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The tea and...
Thermodynamic Background01:18

Thermodynamic Background

The law of mass action states that "the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the molar concentrations of the reactants." It means that the more 'active mass' or 'concentration' of the reactants present, the faster the reaction will proceed.In a chemical reaction, there are forward and reverse reactions. The forward reaction is the process where the reactants combine to form products. The reverse reaction is the process where the products break down to form the...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
Second Law of Thermodynamics00:53

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the chemical energy...
The Second Law of Thermodynamics01:14

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be put...

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Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
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Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

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Network thermodynamics in the post-genomic era.

Keng Cher Soh1, Vassily Hatzimanikatis

  • 1Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|April 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Biological network models integrate thermodynamic data from omics technologies to explore cellular energy flow and growth requirements. This approach helps answer fundamental questions about cellular objectives and equilibrium.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
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Area of Science:

  • Systems biology
  • Biophysics
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Biological systems rely on free energy flow, operating far from thermodynamic equilibrium.
  • Network models offer a framework to study biological complexity.
  • High-throughput omics technologies generate extensive thermodynamic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate thermodynamic knowledge into large-scale biological network models.
  • To investigate fundamental questions regarding cellular energy, growth, and objectives.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing network modeling approaches.
  • Integrating data from high-throughput omics technologies.
  • Applying principles of thermodynamics to biological networks.

Main Results:

  • Enabled the study of biological processes away from thermodynamic equilibrium.
  • Facilitated the exploration of thermodynamic constraints on cellular growth.
  • Provided a framework for investigating cellular thermodynamic objectives.

Conclusions:

  • Large-scale network models incorporating thermodynamic data are powerful tools for understanding biological systems.
  • This integrated approach can address fundamental questions about cellular function and evolution.