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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Dipstick tests for secondhand smoke exposure.

Dana Best1, Erin M Green, Julie H Smith

  • 1The Smoke Free Project, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA. dbbest@cnmc.org

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
|April 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

TobacAlert and NicAlert strips showed poor performance in detecting secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, especially at low cotinine levels. Their use should be limited to prescreening in specific clinical or research settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Biomarkers of Exposure
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a significant public health concern.
  • Accurate detection of SHS exposure is crucial for epidemiological studies and clinical interventions.
  • Immunochromatographic strips offer a potentially rapid and accessible method for assessing exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of TobacAlert and NicAlert immunochromatographic strips as indicators of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure.
  • To determine the sensitivity and specificity of these strips in detecting cotinine, a biomarker of nicotine exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Urine samples were spiked with known concentrations of cotinine (5-23 ng/ml) and tested with TobacAlert and NicAlert strips.
  • Cotinine levels were confirmed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
  • Statistical analyses were performed to assess agreement and diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Agreement between strip readings and LC/MS-determined cotinine levels was low (36% for NicAlert, 39% for TobacAlert).
  • NicAlert strips demonstrated 94% sensitivity and 31% specificity, while TobacAlert strips showed 89% sensitivity and 60% specificity.
  • Both strip types performed poorly at low cotinine concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • TobacAlert and NicAlert strips exhibit limitations in accurately indicating SHS exposure, particularly at low levels.
  • These strips may serve as a prescreening tool but should be used cautiously in clinical or research settings.
  • Further validation is recommended for specific applications requiring precise SHS exposure assessment.