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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives01:35

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.
The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...

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Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
06:26

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Published on: August 17, 2018

Recent developments in carbon dioxide utilization under mild conditions.

Siti Nurhanna Riduan1, Yugen Zhang

  • 1Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, (Singapore).

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|April 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study explores novel reactions and catalysts for transforming carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals under mild conditions. Organocatalysts show significant promise alongside traditional metal catalysts for sustainable carbon utilization.

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Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
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Published on: August 17, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Sustainable Chemical Synthesis

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an abundant, renewable carbon source with significant potential for chemical transformations.
  • Developing efficient and environmentally friendly methods for CO2 utilization is crucial for sustainable chemistry.
  • Traditional organometallic catalysts have been widely used, but new catalytic systems are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in homogeneous CO2 transformations.
  • To highlight novel reactions and catalysts, including organocatalysts, for CO2 conversion.
  • To focus on reactions conducted under mild conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on CO2 transformations.
  • Focus on homogeneous catalysis.
  • Exclusion of epoxide-CO2 coupling reactions.

Main Results:

  • Identification of new reactions and catalysts for CO2 utilization.
  • Demonstration of organocatalysts as effective alternatives to organometallic catalysts.
  • Successful CO2 transformations under mild reaction conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing new catalysts and reactions for CO2 conversion.
  • Organocatalysts offer a promising avenue for sustainable CO2 transformations.
  • Mild reaction conditions are achievable for efficient CO2 utilization.