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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

Conduction System of the Heart

Conduction System of the Heart

Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...

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Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

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[Atrioventricular asynchrony and pacing].

Lanfranco Antonini¹, Vincenzo Pasceri, Alessandro Aiello

¹Dipartimento di Malattie Cardiovascolari, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Roma. lanfranco.antonini@libero.it

Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)

|April 13, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Atrioventricular asynchrony, including dissociation and block, can cause hemodynamic issues. Programmed synchronous atrioventricular delay pacing effectively resolves these issues.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Cardiac Physiology

Context:

Atrioventricular asynchrony encompasses atrioventricular dissociation and block.
It can manifest in pacemaker syndrome or with asynchronous atrioventricular delay during sequential pacing.
A specific form linked to first-degree atrioventricular block and left atrial outflow obstruction has significant hemodynamic impact.

Purpose:

To define and categorize types of atrioventricular asynchrony.
To highlight the hemodynamic relevance of specific asynchrony patterns.
To present sequential pacing with synchronous atrioventricular delay as a solution.

Summary:

Atrioventricular asynchrony includes systolic (simultaneous atrial and ventricular contraction) and systo-diastolic (atrial systole at ventricular diastole onset) types.
These conditions, particularly when associated with conditions like mitral stenosis, can lead to relevant hemodynamic effects.
The study identifies programmed synchronous atrioventricular delay pacing as a method to eliminate these asynchronies.

Impact:

Provides a clear classification of atrioventricular asynchrony.
Emphasizes the clinical significance of hemodynamic alterations due to asynchrony.
Offers a therapeutic strategy for managing atrioventricular asynchrony through optimized pacing.