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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:

Magnetic Force

Magnetic Force

In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

Magnetic fields for fluid motion.

Melissa C Weston¹, Matthew D Gerner, Ingrid Fritsch

¹University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.

Analytical Chemistry

|April 13, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic fields control fluid motion for microfluidic applications. This review covers magnetoconvection theory, tuning methods, and applications in analytical chemistry and micro total analysis systems.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

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Published on: March 3, 2017

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

Published on: August 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Physics, Chemistry
Fluid Dynamics
Electrochemistry

Background:

Magnetic fields induce forces that can manipulate fluid behavior.
Magnetoconvection is a phenomenon with potential in microfluidic systems.
Control of fluid motion is crucial for microfluidic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe magnetoconvective phenomena.
To discuss tuning methods for magnetic field control of fluids.
To explore applications and future directions in microfluidics.

Main Methods:

Review of magnetoconvection theory and related controversies.
Discussion of tuning magnetoconvection via redox processes at electrodes.
Analysis of current and potential applications.

Main Results:

Magnetic forces provide unique control over fluid motion.
Redox processes offer a method for tuning magnetoconvective phenomena.
Applications span analytical chemistry to broader scientific disciplines.

Conclusions:

Magnetoconvection presents significant opportunities in microfluidics.
Tuning via electrochemical methods enhances control.
Future applications in micro total analysis systems are promising.