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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...

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Single Oocyte Bisulfite Mutagenesis
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Published on: June 27, 2012

DNA methylation and gene expression in IVF.

Yves Menezo1, Kay Elder, Moncef Benkhalifa

  • 1UNILABS, Laboratoire d'Eylau, 55 Rue St. Didier, Paris 75116, France.

Reproductive Biomedicine Online
|April 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

In vitro fertilization (IVF) may alter DNA methylation patterns in newborns. Supplementing with folic acid and B vitamins, and using essential amino acids in embryo culture medium, could mitigate these effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Differences in DNA methylation observed in infants conceived via IVF versus natural conception.
  • DNA methylation is crucial for gene expression and imprinting.
  • Potential impact of IVF procedures on epigenetic patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key biochemical and metabolic pathways in oocytes and embryos relevant to methylation and imprinting during human IVF.
  • To highlight potential interventions to improve IVF outcomes related to epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical pathways involved in oocyte and embryo development.
  • Analysis of the impact of ovarian stimulation and in-vitro culture conditions on methylation.
  • Consideration of animal models in human embryology research.

Main Results:

  • Elevated homocysteine during ovarian stimulation may affect methylation; folic acid and B vitamins can compensate.
  • Lack of essential amino acids, particularly methionine, in early embryo culture medium is detrimental to methylation.
  • Caution advised when extrapolating animal (e.g., mouse) data to human embryology.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing IVF protocols, including nutritional support and appropriate culture media, is essential for normal epigenetic development.
  • Systematic administration of folic acid and B vitamins is recommended during ovarian stimulation.
  • Use of culture medium containing essential amino acids is crucial for human fertilization and early embryonic development.