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Related Concept Videos

Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
09:56

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Published on: September 6, 2019

Tools in oligosaccharide synthesis current research and application.

Jürgen Seibel1, Klaus Buchholz

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.

Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry
|April 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are versatile carbohydrates with applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Research explores their synthesis and roles in health, including infection and cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology and Enzymology

Background:

  • Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides exhibit diverse properties, driving their use in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
  • Commercial applications include sweeteners, prebiotics, and ingredients, with significant global market presence.
  • Emerging research highlights their critical roles in cellular processes, such as infection and cancer proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycosylated compounds.
  • To discuss convenient synthetic approaches using accessible substrates and enzymes.
  • To present commercialized products and recent advancements in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of enzymatic and chemical synthesis strategies.
  • Review of commercialized oligosaccharide products and their applications.
  • Analysis of current research on the biological functions of oligosaccharides.

Main Results:

  • Oligosaccharides are widely commercialized as sweeteners and prebiotics.
  • Synthetic challenges are being addressed with efficient enzyme- and substrate-based methods.
  • Significant roles in cell surface interactions, infection, and cancer are increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • Convenient synthetic routes are crucial for expanding oligosaccharide applications.
  • Oligosaccharides hold significant therapeutic and industrial potential.
  • Continued research into their biological functions will drive future innovations.