Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 14, 2026
Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry
Published on: December 9, 2025
Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes
Lucia H C Cevidanes1, Alexandre Motta, William R Proffit
1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. cevidanl@dentistry.unc.edu
Introduction:
The recent emphases on soft tissues as the limiting factor in treatment and on soft-tissue relationships in establishing the goals of treatment has made 3-dimensional (3D) analysis of soft tissues more important in diagnosis and treatment planning. It is equally important to be able to detect changes in the facial soft tissues produced by growth or treatment. This requires structures of reference for superimposition and a way to display the changes with quantitative information.
Methods:
In this study, we outlined a technique for quantifying facial soft-tissue changes viewed in cone-beam computed tomography data, using fully automated voxel-wise registrations of the cranial base surface. The assessment of soft-tissue changes is done by calculation of the Euclidean surface distances between the 3D models. Color maps are used for visual assessment of the location and the quantification of changes.
Results:
This methodology allows a detailed examination of soft-tissue changes with growth or treatment.
Conclusions:
Because of the lack of stable references with 3D photogrammetry, 3D photography, and laser scanning, soft-tissue changes cannot be accurately quantified by these methods.
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