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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Functionally interpretable local coordinate systems for the upper extremity using inertial & magnetic measurement

W H K de Vries1, H E J Veeger, A G Cutti

  • 1Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. w.devries@rrd.nl

Journal of Biomechanics
|April 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

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Inertial Magnetic Measurement Systems (IMMS) offer repeatable segment orientation estimation outside labs. This method provides an alternative to bony landmark measurements for anatomical motion analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motion Analysis
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Inertial Magnetic Measurement Systems (IMMS) are increasingly used for motion analysis outside traditional laboratory settings.
  • Accurate determination of initial segment orientation is crucial for long-term, precise joint angle measurements using IMMS.
  • Current standard methods rely on bony landmark measurement (BLM), which IMMS cannot perform.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate an alternative method for establishing anatomically understandable segment orientations using IMMS.
  • To compare IMMS-based local coordinate systems (LCS) with traditional BLM-based LCS.

Main Methods:

  • IMMS recordings were collected from five subjects in a standard anatomical position to define static axes.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis
07:24

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis

Published on: August 8, 2019

  • Standardized motions were used to estimate kinematic axes of rotation.
  • Local coordinate systems (LCS) were constructed using IMMS axes with the lowest dispersion and compared to BLM-based LCS.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed IMMS-based method demonstrated high repeatability, with axes determined within 3.8 degrees dispersion.
    • Compatible results were found for the thorax when comparing IMMS-based and BLM-based LCS.
    • Differences up to 17.2 degrees were observed for the humerus, forearm, and hand, indicating less compatibility in these segments.

    Conclusions:

    • IMMS-based local reference frames can be constructed with high repeatability.
    • This procedure enables repeatable estimation of segment orientations outside the laboratory.
    • While differing from BLM-based LCS, the IMMS approach offers a viable alternative for motion analysis in various settings.