The discrepancy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications diffusion: 1994-2003--a global
Hui-Chu Lang1, Richard M Scheffler, Teh-Wei Hu
1Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei, Taiwan. hclang@ym.edu.tw
Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|April 13, 2010
Summary
ADHD medication spending and prices significantly increased from 1994-2003, especially in the U.S. Lower GDP countries saw increased ADHD medication utilization despite price decreases.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacoeconomics
- Global Health Economics
- Pharmaceutical Market Analysis
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication utilization and costs represent a significant global health expenditure.
- Understanding trends in spending, price, and utilization is crucial for healthcare policy and resource allocation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the 10-year trends (1994-2003) in ADHD medication spending, price, and utilization across countries with varying per capita GDP.
- To compare these trends between the U.S. and three other GDP-defined country groups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized IMS Health database data for branded and generic ADHD medications (1994-2003).
- Examined changes in medication quantity (utilization) and price.
- Analyzed mixed effects of these changes in the U.S. and three per capita GDP-classified country groups.
Main Results:
- U.S. ADHD medication expenditures surged 594% (price +285%, volume +80%).
- High GDP countries: expenditures +493% (price +39%, volume +328%).
- Middle GDP countries: expenditures +164% (price +9%, volume +141%). Lower GDP countries: expenditures +149% (price -37%, volume +464%).
Conclusions:
- Introduction of long-acting ADHD medications significantly boosted total expenditure in the U.S. and high GDP markets.
- In lower GDP countries, increased medication quantity (utilization) was the primary driver of expenditure growth, despite price decreases.
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