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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

Searching PubMed during a pandemic.

Ole Norgaard1, Jeffrey V Lazarus

  • 1National Centre for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, National Board of Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Plos One
|April 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Inconsistent naming of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic hinders scientific literature searches. Using varied search terms is crucial to avoid missing vital research during health crises.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Information Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic generated vast amounts of information, posing challenges for identifying relevant scientific articles.
  • Difficulty in accessing up-to-date research can impede decision-making and public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of inconsistent pandemic nomenclature on the retrieval of scientific articles from PubMed/MEDLINE.
  • To quantify the extent to which relevant research may be missed due to varied search terms.

Main Methods:

  • A PubMed search algorithm was developed to include various pandemic names.
  • Simulated weekly searches were conducted over 10 weeks to identify new records.
  • Searches were repeated omitting key terms (h1n1, swine, influenza, flu) to assess missed articles.

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Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
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Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
03:53

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Main Results:

  • The comprehensive search identified an average of 44.3 potentially relevant records weekly, with 27.8 deemed relevant.
  • Omitting specific terms resulted in missing a significant percentage of relevant records: 18.7% for "h1n1," 13.6% for "swine," 17.5% for "influenza," and 20.6% for "flu."

Conclusions:

  • Inconsistent naming conventions pose a risk of overlooking critical scientific articles during rapidly evolving health crises.
  • Recommendations include establishing standardized nomenclature earlier and improving indexing speed by the National Library of Medicine.