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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Human endothelial dysfunction: EDRFs.

Andreas J Flammer¹, Thomas F Lüscher

¹Cardiovascular Center, Cardiology University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology

|April 13, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial function research has surged since nitric oxide (NO) detection. This review covers human endothelial function, assessment methods, and the role of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) in cardiovascular diseases.

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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

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Published on: October 22, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Published on: October 22, 2014

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Endothelial Biology

Background:

Endothelial cells produce vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide (NO), a key endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF).
Endothelial dysfunction, an imbalance in vasoactive substance release, is an early sign of atherosclerosis.
Research into endothelial function has significantly advanced since NO's discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of human endothelial function.
To summarize methods for assessing endothelial function in humans.
To review the role of EDRFs in cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

Literature review of endothelial function research.
Summary of established and emerging assessment techniques for endothelial function.
Analysis of EDRF involvement in various cardiovascular pathologies.

Main Results:

Nitric oxide is the primary EDRF.
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical early indicator in atherosclerosis development.
EDRFs play a significant role across a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusions:

Understanding endothelial function and dysfunction is crucial for cardiovascular health.
Diverse methods exist to evaluate endothelial function in clinical and research settings.
Targeting EDRF pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.