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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

The edges of understanding.

Arthur D Lander¹

¹Center for Complex Biological Systems, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. adlander@uci.edu

|April 14, 2010

Summary

The double helix was the icon of 20th-century molecular biology. Today, systems biology uses the

Area of Science:

Life Sciences
Molecular Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

The double helix symbolized molecular biology in the late 20th century.
Modern life sciences have shifted towards a 'systems biology' approach.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the dominant icon of the current 'systems biology' era.
To contrast the iconic representation of molecular biology with systems biology.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of scientific paradigms and their symbolic representations.
Historical review of dominant metaphors in life sciences research.

Main Results:

The double helix represented reductionist molecular biology.
The 'hairball' metaphor represents the complexity of systems biology.

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Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Published on: September 28, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Quantifying Intermembrane Distances with Serial Image Dilations

Published on: September 28, 2018

Conclusions:

The iconic shift reflects a fundamental change in biological research paradigms.
The 'hairball' signifies the move from molecular details to holistic system interactions.